Dej yog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov ntses tropical ntses. Plaub yam tseem ceeb - dej hardness, pH tus nqi, kub thiab dej kom loj hlob - ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov ntses ntses.
Ib qho kev qhia luv luv rau plaub lub ntsiab lus yog muab hauv qab no:
1. Dej Hardness
Feem ntau hais lus, kais dej nkag rau hauv Suav nroog loj thiab nruab nrab feem ntau yog los ntawm cov dej ntws los yog cov dej hauv dej, nrog rau qib hardness nyob ib ncig ntawm 5, uas tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntses tropical. Rau kev txhawb nqa txhua hnub, dej hardness yuav tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, hardness plays lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv kev yug ntses. Discus ntses thiab neon tetras spawn ntse hauv dej nrog hardness ntawm 0-1. Argentine pearlfish thiab qee cov qe tso killifish tsuas yog muaj sia nyob hauv dej ntawm hardness 0. Cov ntses Tropical ib txwm nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj Asia yug tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qib hardness txog li 5. Lub nroog nyob rau sab qab teb Tuam Tshoj xws li Guangzhou thiab Foshan muaj cov dej tsis zoo, muab kev yug me nyuam zoo rau cov tsiaj South-American nrog rau discus thiab neon tetras. Cov nroog sab qaum teb xws li Beijing thiab Tianjin muaj cov kais dej hnyav dua, ua rau nws nyuaj rau yug cov ntses no. Nrog kev hloov kho tas mus li hauv cov khoom siv thoob dej yug ntses thiab cov khoom siv kho dej, cov aquarists tam sim no muaj peev xwm tsim cov dej tsim nrog lub hom phiaj pH thiab hardness qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, dej hardness cuam tshuam rau cov xim ntses. Piv txwv li, xiav discus qhia daj-xiav xim nyob rau hauv dej ntawm hardness 0, thaum lawv tig xiav los yog pas dej-xiav nyob rau hauv cov dej nyuaj. Ntses lub cev yooj kuj hloov tau pom nyob rau hauv txawv hardness theem. Lub tshuab nqus dej sib nqus tuaj yeem siv tau ntev los txo cov dej tawv. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qee lub nroog hauv Beijing (thiab tej zaum lwm lub nroog) muab cov dej hauv av rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov dej hauv av feem ntau muaj cov zaub mov ntau dhau thiab cov tawv tawv heev, thiab tsis haum rau kev khaws ntses tropical.
2. Dej pH tus nqi
Kev hloov pauv pH tau ua rau muaj kev xav ntau ntxiv ntawm cov neeg khaws cov ntses siab kawg, thiab cov kws paub txog discus breeders muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm qhov kev xyaum no. Nyob rau ntawm ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntses nyob rau hauv Beijing Zhongshan Park, ob lub pob xiav discus kib tau zoo hatched thiab loj hlob zoo rau pej xeem zaub. Muaj qhov sib txawv pH meej ntawm cov dej qab zib thiab cov kais dej nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb Suav. kais dej pH nyob rau yav qab teb lub zos xws li Guangzhou yog qis dua 7, uas yog zoo tagnrho rau discus kab lis kev cai. Beijing kais dej yog nruab nrab, nyob ib ncig ntawm pH 7. Semi-marine ntses xws li mono argentus yog ib qho nyuaj rau loj hlob hauv Guangzhou tsis tau vam meej hauv Beijing. Cov ntses dej qab zib zoo nkauj tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj hauv thaj chaw: hom tsiaj nyob rau South-American cov dej qab zib, thiab cov neeg tuaj ntawm South thiab Southeast Asia. Feem ntau South-American ntau hom nyiam dej tsis muaj zog-acidic (pH< 7). Fish originating from Southeast Asia, South Asia and southern North‑America thrive in neutral water around pH 7. Semi‑marine fish, such as batfish, mono argentus and Australian rainbowfish, favour weakly‑alkaline environments. Understanding these general rules greatly helps aquarists set‑up separate tanks for mid‑to‑high‑grade tropical fish. Specialised aquarium‑regulation products, especially pH stabilisers, are still limited on domestic and overseas markets. Hobbyists often resort to chemical additives: baking soda is used to raise pH, while diluted phosphoric acid lowers pH, yet results are often unsatisfactory. It is recommended to minimise chemical usage and rely on filtration systems. Prepare a spare aquarium with fresh water. To create weakly‑acidic water (pH < 7), filter new water with activated carbon for 24 hours. To achieve weakly‑alkaline water (pH >7), ntxiv silica xuab zeb lossis maifan pob zeb rau koj lub lim.
3. Dej kub
Kev tswj dej kub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev khaws ntses nyob rau sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov ntses qis qis loj hlob zoo ntawm 22-25 degree, thaum nruab nrab thiab cov ntses zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau 25-28 degree, nrog rau qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm 32 degree. Fry xav tau me ntsis dej sov dua cov ntses laus. Cov tsiaj me me, ci ntsa iab yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias dua li cov ntses loj, ib leeg-xim, muaj zog ntses. Cov ntses muaj mob xav tau dej sov dua li cov qauv noj qab haus huv, thiab cov hom high-end xav tau qhov kub thiab txias dua li cov ntses tropical. Cov cua sov hauv thoob dej yug ntses tsis zoo thiab qee lub sijhawm txiav hluav taws xob hauv cov nroog me ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo cua sov. Kev siv lub thoob dej yug ntses loj dua txhim kho cov npoo kev nyab xeeb, vim tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam loj txias txias dua qeeb dua. Ntau tus hobbyists nruab ntau lub tshuab cua sov hauv ib lub tank kom tsis txhob muaj dej tsis sib xws hauv lub caij ntuj no. Qhov kev xyaum no tsis tsim nyog. Qhov ntsuas kub sib txawv hauv ib lub thoob dej yug ntses yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntses ntses, ib qho taw qhia tsis tshua tau hais hauv cov lus qhia hauv thoob dej yug ntses.
4. Dej loj
Kev loj hlob ntawm cov dej muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov ntses tropical, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntau yam zoo. Cov neeg nyiam nyiam tshiab feem ntau pom tias ntses tsis muaj sia nyob txawm tias tom qab cov kais dej tshiab tau muaj hnub nyoog ob peb hnub thiab khaws cia ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov teeb meem no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov dej tsis paub tab, tsis ruaj khov. Txij li thaum Tuam Tshoj txoj kev hloov kho thiab qhib-up, ntau ntau hom ntses tshiab nruab nrab-siab-siab-ntses tau raug xa mus rau hauv Suav lag luam txhua xyoo. Cov ntses tuaj txawv teb chaws xav tau lub sijhawm ntev acclimatization kom hloov mus rau cov dej hauv zos, thiab tsis tshua muaj sia nyob hauv dej tsis paub qab hau. High-end tropical ntses xa los ntawm huab cua mus rau sab qaum teb Suav nroog raug kev txom nyem cov neeg tuag ntau vim dej tsis ruaj khov. Ntev-tsim hom xws li tsov barbs, angelfish thiab gouramis tau hloov mus rau hauv ib puag ncig hauv zos thiab yooj yim dua rau kev loj hlob. Cov kws paub txog aquarists thiab cov khw muag khoom thoob dej yug ntses tso siab rau cov hnub nyoog laus, cov dej loj loj rau khaws cov ntses zoo. Cov dej paub tab tsis tsuas yog txhais tau hais tias cov dej kais dej sab laug sawv rau ob peb hnub. Cov dej uas paub tab tiag tiag yog dej uas yav tas los muaj cov ntses. Ntses tsis tu ncua secrete nplua lipid thiab mucus, uas yaj mus rau hauv dej thaum lub sij hawm. Tsuas yog cov dej uas muaj cov organic no suav tias yog cov dej paub tab. Mid-rau-high-qib ntses tropical tau qhia rau Beijing xav tau lub voj voog hloov mus ntev. Cov neeg zov me nyuam tshiab yuav tsum muab lawv tso rau hauv cov dej me me uas sov sov. Cov dej loj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev caij tsheb kauj vab hauv lub tank nrog cov ntses uas muaj zog, lossis los ntawm kev hloov dej los ntawm cov thoob dej yug ntses zoo uas muaj los ntawm lwm tus neeg zov ntses. Kev paub txog plaub yam tseem ceeb hauv dej-zoo no tuaj yeem txo qis kev noj ntses kom tuag.
Cov ntsiab lus
- Tswj dej tawv thaum yug me nyuam - Kho pH nyias nyias rau nyias-hom tso tsheb hlau luam - Saib xyuas cov dej kub rau kev teeb tsa tshiab - Siv cov dej paub tab thaum qhia cov ntses nruab nrab mus rau qib siab.
