Ib, Dab tsi ua rau RAS dej tsis zoo thiab nws cuam tshuam dab tsi?
Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom uas ua rau cov dej hauv RAS system cloudy:
Cov teeb meem raug tshem tawm: qhov no suav nrog ntses poop, undigested pub, lom flocs, thiab cov kab mob tuag. Cov khoom no feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 0.1 thiab 100 μm hauv txoj kab uas hla. Colloidal particles uas me dua 1 μm ua kom ruaj khov ncua kev kawm uas nyuaj rau tshem tawm los ntawm kev cia lawv nyob ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus.
Dissolved organic teeb meem: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum cov proteins, amino acids, humic acids, thiab lwm yam khoom tawg. Nws tsis ncaj qha tsim turbidity, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom loj dua los ntawm kev ua raws li lawv thiab ua kom lub teeb tawg ntau dua.
Lub zej zog ntawm microbes: Nitrifying cov kab mob, cov kab mob heterotrophic, thiab lwm yam biofilms lo rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom, tsim cov biofilms uas ua rau cov dej ntau dua huab.
Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los ntsuas dej zoo turbidity yog saib ntawm turbidity (NTU). Hauv RAS, turbidity qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm tej yam xws li tus nqi pub mis, lub sijhawm nws siv rau cov dej nyob hauv lub cev, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lim dej. Nyob rau hauv siab - aquaculture density, yog hais tias cov khoom - kua separator tsis ua hauj lwm zoo txaus, cov ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrite uas los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov zaub mov seem yuav txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm microbes. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov turbidity nce ntawm 50 NTU mus rau ntau tshaj 200 NTU nyob rau hauv tsuas yog 24 teev.
2, Cov txheej txheem lub cev uas lub teeb tau txais los ntawm cov dej qias neeg
Raws li Lambert Beer txoj cai, lub teeb hla dej hauv ib txoj kev. Qhov tob ntawm kev nkag mus (Z) tsis zoo txuas nrog turbidity (K). Muaj ob txoj hauv kev uas lub teeb raug thaiv hauv cov dej tsis zoo.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tawg: Mie tawg tshwm sim thaum txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov khoom tau ze rau lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb (400-700 nm). Qhov no ua rau txoj kev kho qhov muag khoov. Qhov sib faib coefficient rau cov khoom uas muaj qhov loj ntawm 0.5 μm rau lub teeb ntsuab (550nm) yog 1.8 npaug siab dua rau lub teeb liab (650nm). Qhov no yog vim li cas dej muv zoo li xiav -ntsuab.
Cov nyhuv ntawm kev nqus: Chromogenic pawg nyob rau hauv yaj cov organic teeb meem (DOM), xws li humic acid thiab fulvic acid, nqus ultraviolet lub teeb (280-400nm) thiab xiav lub teeb (450-495nm) zoo heev, uas hloov txoj kev spectral zog faib.
Thaum lub turbidity mus los ntawm 50NTU mus rau 200NTU, qhov tob tob ntawm 550nm wavelength lub teeb poob sharply los ntawm 1.2m mus rau 0.3m, thiab qhov siv attenuation tus nqi nce mus txog 97%. Qhov no yog qhov kev sim qhia. Qhov kev hloov pauv no muaj peb yam cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob aquaculture:
Photoperiodic teeb meem: Ntses muaj lub cev hlwb hauv lawv cov retinas uas nkag siab rau qee qhov wavelengths. Turbidity tuaj yeem hloov txoj kev cov hlwb no ua haujlwm, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lawv lub moos circadian. Thaum turbidity siab dua 150 NTU, piv txwv li, lub sij hawm gonadal maturation nyob rau hauv zaj sawv trout yog 30% ntev.
Kev txwv tsis pub noj tus cwj pwm: Ntau tus ntses nyob ntawm seb qhov twg cov khoom noj yog nyob ntawm qhov twg, thiab thaum turbidity ntau dua 100NTU, tilapia qhov kev noj zaub mov poob qis los ntawm 45%, uas ua rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob qeeb.
Photosynthesis muaj kev txwv: Hauv algal co- kab lis kev cai, thaum turbidity tshaj 80 NTU, photosynthetic efficiency ntawm microalgae ploj mus los ntawm 60%, impairing lub cev muaj peev xwm tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus.
3, Cov khoom tseem ceeb yuav tsum xav txog thaum xaivWaterproof Led Teeb Rau Aquariums
Vim hais tias RAS dej zoo yog huab, lub thoob dej yug ntses teeb yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm "kev nkag mus rau qhov tseem ceeb, kev hloov kho spectral, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo dua." Qhov tseeb technical path yog raws li nram no:
1. Tswv yim rau xaiv wavelengths
Lub teeb liab (620-750nm) tuaj yeem nkag mus tob rau hauv dej thiab tswj tau 60% kev nkag mus txawm tias dej muaj huab heev (200NTU). Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov pas dej sib sib zog nqus uas muaj ntau tshaj 1.5m tob. Piv txwv li, ua haujlwm 660nm lub teeb liab hauv kev ua liaj ua teb ntses tuaj yeem pab cov ntses nce nqaij thiab txhim kho cov nqaij uas lawv tsim los ntawm 8%.
Lub teeb ntsuab (495-570nm): Nws tsis tawg ntau ntawm cov khoom uas muaj 0.3-1 μm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, thiab nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov chaw uas muaj turbidity (50-150 NTU). Thaum loj hlob South American cov cw dawb, 520nm lub teeb ntsuab tuaj yeem pab lawv molt zoo dua thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob mos mos.
Lub teeb xiav (450-495nm): Nws tsis mus tob heev, tab sis nws tuaj yeem txwv cov algae los ntawm kev tsim tawm ntau dhau. Hauv algal co-culture systems, nws yuav tsum tau siv nrog lub teeb liab (liab: xiav =3: 1).
2. Technology rau kev tswj lub teeb siv dynamically
Turbidity tawm tswv yim system: Ib qho kev sib xyaw turbidity sensor thiab LED dimming module uas tuaj yeem hloov qhov ci ntawm lub teeb nyob rau lub sijhawm. Thaum lub turbidity mus ntawm 50NTU mus rau 200NTU, piv txwv li, lub kaw lus cia li tsa lub teeb siv los ntawm 2000lux mus rau 5000lux kom lub teeb nkag mus zoo ib yam.
Hom teeb pom kev zoo mem tes: Hloov lub teeb pom kev tsis tu ncua, luv luv tawg ntawm kev siv siab (xws li 10000lux / 10ms) yog ua haujlwm. Qhov no tuaj yeem hla dej nrog ntau turbidity thiab siv tsawg zog. Qhov kev sim ua kom pom tias hom mem tes tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev loj hlob ntawm perch los ntawm 15% thaum txo kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 30%.
3. Txhim kho qhov tsim ntawm lub teeb lub qauv
Anti-fouling coating technology: Putting superhydrophobic nanoparticles (contact angle>150 degree) ntawm lub teeb lub cev kom tsis txhob ua rau nws. Piv txwv li, LED teeb uas coated nrog fluorosilane poob tsuas yog 5% ntawm lawv lub teeb pom kev zoo tom qab 30 hnub ntawm kev siv tas li. Qhov no yog qhov tsawg tshaj li 30% poob ntawm cov teeb tsis kho.
Layout ntawm modular array: Ua kom cov teeb pom kev zoo sib cais kom yooj yim kom lawv tuaj yeem ntxuav thiab khaws cia tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv lub voj voog aquaculture pas dej nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10m, rau teeb ntawm 120W modular teeb pom kev zoo fixtures yog ntsia rau hauv ib lub voj voog. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub teeb ci ntau dua li ntawm 40% piv rau lub hauv paus teeb pom kev zoo qub.
4. Ib qho kev tshawb xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thov ib txwm
Case 1: Cov txheej txheem tsim cov ntses salmon ntawm qhov ntom ntom
Ib thaj av Norwegian-raws li RAS Hoobkas siv turbidity kaw-loop tswj thev naus laus zis los hloov pauv LED spectral piv ntawm lub sijhawm los ntsuas qhov turbidity ntawm lub pas dej yug me nyuam (50–300 NTU):
turbidity<100NTU: Red light makes up 70% of the light, which helps things grow; 100NTU
Turbidity>200NTU: Lub teeb liab ua rau 80% ntawm lub teeb, thiab qhov kev siv zog tau nce mus rau 8000lux kom tsis txhob nkag mus.
Txoj kev npaj txiav lub sij hawm nws yuav siv rau salmon loj hlob los ntawm 20% thiab nce lub pace uas lawv tig mus rau hauv lub zog los ntawm 12%.
Case 2: Crab and Shrimp System for Co-Kev yug me nyuam
Ib lub tuam txhab nyob hauv Jiangsu, Suav teb, siv lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv ib co-pas dej yug me nyuam rau South American white cw thiab Suav mitten crab.
Lub teeb xiav (450nm) yog xim ntau tshaj plaws ntawm txheej txheej (0-0.5m), uas txwv cov algae kom loj hlob.
Nruab nrab txheej (0.5-1.5 m): Kom haum rau qhov sib txawv spectral xav tau ntawm cw thiab roob ris, lub teeb ntsuab (520 nm) thiab lub teeb liab (660 nm) alternately ci rau lawv.
Bottom layer (>1.5m): Lub teeb liab nrog lub hwj chim ntau (10000lux) mus hla dej hauv qab.
Qhov kev tsim no nce tus nqi ciaj sia ntawm cw thiab crabs mus rau 92% thiab txhawb nqa tsev tawm los ntawm 25%.
