Dej Hardness piav qhia
Water-hardness yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej-zoo parameter rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv dej. Ntau tus hobbyists tseem tsis meej pem txog cov dej mos vs dej tawv, GH, KH, hardness grading scales thiab lawv cuam tshuam rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Dab tsi ua rau dej "nyuaj" lossis "Soft"?
Hardness tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev kev ntxhib los mos. Nws piav qhia txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntxhia ions yaj hauv dej. Cov dej uas muaj cov ntxhia hauv cov ntsiab lus siab yog "nyuaj", thaum dej tsawg hauv cov ntxhia hauv cov ntxhia yog "mos". Cov dej tawv tsim muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv tsev, xws li limescale thaum boiled thiab siv xab npum ntau heev thaum ntxuav.
Chemically, hardness yog txhais los ntawm dej lub peev xwm los precipitate xab npum. Cov xab npum muaj sodium los yog potassium stearate. Thaum xab npum ntsib calcium thiab magnesium ions, insoluble calcium-stearate thiab magnesium-stearate daim ntawv, thiab xab npum poob nws lub zog tu. Hlau, manganese thiab tooj liab ions tuaj yeem ua rau xab npum los nag.
Hardness ionsyog cov hlau cations uas ua rau xab npum los nag, feem ntau calcium, magnesium, hlau, manganese thiab tooj liab. Sodium thiab potassium ions tsis suav tias yog hardness ions. Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso kais dej, calcium thiab magnesium ua ntau tshaj 97% ntawm tag nrho cov hardness-ion cov ntsiab lus. Lawv ua ke concentration yog hu uaTag nrho Hardness. Calcium hardness suav txog kwv yees li 85% thiab magnesium hardness rau 15%.
Cov dej tawv poob rau hauv ob pawg raws li tus cwj pwm ntxhia thaum rhuab:
Temporary Hardness: Minerals precipitate tawm tom qab cua sov. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm bicarbonate ntsev xws li calcium-bicarbonate thiab magnesium-bicarbonate.
Kev ruaj ntseg Hardness: Minerals yuav tsis cais los ntawm dej los ntawm cua sov. Nws yog tsim los ntawm sulfate, chloride thiab nitrate compounds.
Kev faib cov dej mos thiab dej tawv tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab pom thiab yuav tsum tau kuaj dej tshuaj lom neeg. Hardness yog thoob ntiaj teb hais txog calcium-carbonate (CaCO₃), ntsuas hauv ppm. Lub teb chaws Yelemees feem ntau sivdegree dH (German Hardness), xam los ntawm calcium-oxide sib npaug.
GH vs KH
‑ GH (General Hardness / Tag Nrho Hardness)ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm tag nrho cov hardness-related hlau cations: calcium, magnesium, hlau, manganese thiab tooj liab. -KH (Carbonate Hardness / Alkalinity)ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻), lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm hardness ib ntus.
Cov teebmeem ntawm Hardness rau cov nroj tsuag dej
GH
Calcium thiab magnesium yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag hauv dej. Hlau, manganese thiab tooj liab ua raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv kev sib npaug concentration, hardness pab cov nroj tsuag khoom noj khoom haus.
Txawm li cas los xij, nutrient antagonism tshwm sim thaum cov ntxhia sib piv tsis sib npaug. Calcium counteracts potassium uptake, tsim kev sib tw ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus no. Yog tias lawv qhov sib piv tsis raug, cov nroj tsuag yuav nqus tau ib qho khoom noj xwb, kev loj hlob loj heev.
Cov nroj tsuag dej tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv dej nrog GH = 0, lossis hauv dej tsis tshua muaj zog. Qhov pom zoo GH ntau rau cog thoob dej yug ntses yog5-8℃dH (cov dej mos) mus rau 9-12℃dH (kwv dej nruab nrab).
KH
Carbonate-hardness nws tus kheej tsis ncaj qha pub cov nroj tsuag hauv dej, tab sis nws muaj zog cuam tshuam rau pH-kev ruaj ntseg thiab ua hauj lwm pab raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj inorganic-carbon rau photosynthesis thaum CO₂ qib tsis txaus.
Cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv dej nrog KH = 0 (yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj CO₂ ntxiv kom tsis txhob muaj pH txaus ntshai) thiab tseem muaj sia nyob siab dua 25℃KH (saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj pH ntau dhau). Rau feem ntau cog tanks,4-10℃KHyog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tswj pH ruaj khov thiab muab cov pa roj carbon txaus.
Dej-Hardness Classification Scale (German℃dH)
‑ Very‑soft water: 0‑4 °dH (0‑89 ppm CaCO₃) ‑ Soft water: 5‑8 °dH (90‑159 ppm CaCO₃) ‑ Moderately hard water: 9‑12 °dH (160‑229 ppm CaCO₃) ‑ Medium‑hard water: 13‑18 °dH (230‑339 ppm CaCO₃) ‑ Hard water: 19‑30 °dH (340‑534 ppm CaCO₃) ‑ Very‑hard water: Over 30 °dH (>535 ppm CaCO₃)
