Lumens, Lux, PAR, thiab PPFD: Dab tsi Aquarium Buyers yuav tsum ntsuas qhov tseeb
Cov teeb pom kev zoo ua rau tsis meej pem thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg lub zeem muag, cog kev tshawb fawb, thiab hluav taws xob engineering sib xyaw ua ke. Lumens, lux, PAR, PPFD, watts, thiab xim kub tsis hloov pauv. Txhua tus teb ib lo lus nug txawv. Aquarium credible -lub teeb specification yuav tsum hais tias qhov ntau npaum li cas tau ntsuas, qhov twg nws tau ntsuas, nrog dab tsi ntsuas, thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob.
Lumens piav qhia luminous flux hnyav los ntawm rhiab heev ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag. Lux piav qhia txog lumens ib square meter ntawm qhov chaw. Lub International Commission ntawm Illumination txhais tau hais tias photometry nyob ib ncig ntawm tus qauv pom tib neeg pom- teb ua haujlwm. Qhov no ua rau lumens thiab lux muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev piav qhia pom qhov ci ntsa iab thiab saib kev nplij siab, tab sis lawv tsis suav tag nrho cov photosynthetically cuam tshuam photons sib npaug. Xiav thiab sib sib zog nqus-photons liab tuaj yeem ua rau sib txawv rau tus nqi lumen vim tias lub qhov muag yog qhov nkag siab tshaj plaws nyob ib puag ncig ntsuab hauv qab cov duab duab.
PAR txhais tau tias photosynthetically nquag hluav taws xob, raws li txoj cai npog wavelengths ntawm 400 txog 700 nanometers. Hauv kev xyaum thoob dej yug ntses, PAR meter ib txwm tshaj tawm cov duab hluav taws xob photon flux ntom ntom, lossis PPFD, hauv micromoles ntawm photons ib square meter ib ob. Hais lus nruj me ntsis, PAR yog thaj tsam spectral thiab PPFD yog qhov ntsuas photon ceev, txawm hais tias qhov kev nyiam nyiam feem ntau hu rau kev nyeem ntawv tus nqi PAR. Qhov kev ntsuas no muaj feem xyuam rau cov kab mob photosynthetic ntau dua li lux, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau txheeb xyuas qhov ua tiav spectral faib lossis lav qhov txiaj ntsig lom neeg.
Tus lej PPFD yuav tsum tsis txhob muab cais tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Lub teeb ntog tsis sib xws vim yog lo ntsiab muag, reflectors, diffusers, mounting qhov siab, braces, hardscape, cog canopies, coral qauv, thiab dej clarity. Tsim ib daim phiaj thiab ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw, nruab nrab - dej, thiab qib nyob ntawm cov nroj tsuag lossis corals. Cov ntaub ntawv center, pem hauv ntej, nraub qaum, thiab cov ces kaum. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, qhov siab tshaj, qhov nruab nrab, thiab qhov sib xws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ib qho kev sib tw nrog qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab thiab kev pab them nqi zoo yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li ib qho uas ua rau lub hauv paus tseem ceeb thiab cov npoo tsis muaj zog.
Kev ntsuas dej hauv qab kuj xav tau qhov tseeb sensor thiab txheej txheem. Lub quantum sensor calibrated tsuas yog hauv huab cua tuaj yeem nyeem sib txawv thaum submerged vim qhov hloov kho qhov muag interface. Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm underwater quantum meters siv los yog qhia txog kev immersion - cuam tshuam kho. Lub sensor yuav tsum yog theem, tuav nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj kev taw qhia, khaws cia kom deb ntawm kev xav los ntawm txhais tes los yog cov cuab yeej, thiab tso cai rau stabilize. Kev ntsuas los ntawm cov sensors sib txawv yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kho kom hloov pauv tau tshwj tsis yog lawv cov lus teb spectral thiab calibration paub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nqaim -band xiav lossis ntau-channel LED fixtures.
Watts tseem muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis rau kev ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab thermal es tsis yog cov khoom siv roj ntsha. Ntsuas cov tswv yim tiag tiag ntawm cov chaw sawv cev. Yog hais tias lub fixture yog advertised li 100 watts tab sis draws ntau npaum li cas tsawg, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yuav xa mus rau theoretical LED muaj peev xwm ntau dua li system noj. Hloov pauv, lub zog hluav taws xob siab tsis ua pov thawj siab hauv qab dej PPFD. Tsav tsheb poob, thermal throttling, inefficient optics, thiab spectral xaiv txhua yam cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim. Tshaj tawm lub zog ua ke nrog daim ntawv qhia teeb, tsis yog hloov pauv rau ib qho.
Xim kub thiab CRI ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov tsos, tsis yog cog lossis coral haum rau lawv tus kheej. Ob yam khoom uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim kub tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv spectral fais fab faib. RGB lossis RGBW sib xyaw kuj tuaj yeem tsim qhov zoo sib xws - saib lub teeb dawb los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov channel sib txawv. Rau kev sib piv cov kws tshaj lij, thov cov ntaub ntawv spectral, underwater PPFD daim duab qhia chaw ntawm qhov kev ncua deb, lub zog tiag tiag, thiab cov chaw khiav hauj lwm siv thaum lub sij hawm sim.
Cov tswv yim hierarchy yog yooj yim. Siv lumens lossis lux los tham txog tib neeg - pom qhov ci. Siv PPFD rau daim ntawv qhia kev xa khoom photon rau cov kab mob photosynthetic. Siv lub spectrometer thaum lub spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg tseem ceeb. Siv watts los ntsuas lub zog tawm tswv yim thiab cov cua sov. Tom qab ntawd txuas cov kev ntsuas no rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov nroj tsuag, coral teb, tus cwj pwm ntses, algae, dej chemistry, thiab kev saib xyuas. Tsis muaj ib qho metric tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho cov thoob dej yug ntses.
Lub teeb ib hnub, lossis DLI, tuaj yeem ntxiv lwm txheej txheej muaj txiaj ntsig. DLI sawv cev rau cov photosynthetic photosynthetic xa tawm nyob rau ib hnub, yog li nws ua ke PPFD nrog lub sijhawm. Lub thoob dej yug ntses tau txais lub siab siab rau lub sijhawm luv luv tuaj yeem muaj qhov zoo sib xws txhua hnub rau ib qho uas tau txais lub teeb qis dua ntev dua. Txawm li cas los xij, sib npaug DLI tsis ua pov thawj sib npaug ntawm cov lus teb lom neeg vim tias cov kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txawv rau qhov siab tshaj plaws, lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj, spectrum, kub, thiab muaj cov pa roj carbon. Siv DLI ua ib qho cuab yeej sib piv, tsis yog kev cog lus ntawm kev loj hlob zoo ib yam.
Kev ntsuas tsis meej yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm ncaj ncees. Sensor calibration, spectral mismatch, cosine teb, immersion kho, positioning, nto txav, thiab repeatability tag nrho cov cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig. Daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv lag luam yuav tsum txheeb xyuas seb cov txiaj ntsig raug ntsuas, simulated, lossis raug. Yog tias daim ntawv qhia tsim los ntawm ib qho qauv tsim khoom, sau nws raws li. Rau kev tswj kom zoo, xaiv ib qho me me ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntsuas rov ua dua thiab txheeb xyuas qhov ua siab ntev tiv thaiv ib chav siv siv. Qhov no feem ntau siv tau ntau dua li rov tsim daim ntawv qhia chaw kuaj mob rau txhua lub teeb.
Cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem ua qhov yooj yim version ntawm tib txoj kev. Txhim kho qhov siab mounting, cia lub teeb kom sov, ntsuas lossis sau cov kev teeb tsa, thiab nyeem ntawv ntawm qhov chaw cim. Yog tias tsis muaj PAR meter, cov duab zoo ib yam thiab lub ntsuas ntsuas lux tuaj yeem pab taug qab cov txheeb ze hloov pauv hauv tib lub spectrum, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv qab dej PPFD. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tseeb tseeb. Cov txheej txheem me me ntawm qhov zoo-cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas tau ntseeg tau ntau dua li cov lej loj uas tau theej los ntawm lwm lub tank, qhov deb, sensor, lossis channel program.
Ib nplooj ntawv zoo -cov khoom tsim tuaj yeem nthuav qhia cov kev ntsuas no hauv cov txheej. Muab qhov kev npaj siv, qhov ntev, lub zog tiag tiag, thiab kev sim ua ntej. Ua raws li daim ntawv qhia hauv qab dej PPFD thiab ntsuas cov xwm txheej. Tom qab ntawd muab cov spectrum thiab piav qhia txog kev tswj hwm. Khaws lumens lossis lux rau kev pom - qhov sib piv lub teeb yog tias lawv ntsuas, tab sis tsis txhob muab tso rau qhov twg cov neeg siv yuav yuam kev rau cov hom phiaj cog lossis coral. Cov ntawv sau meej meej thiab cov kev sim ntsuas tau muaj kev ntseeg ntau dua li cov lej tsis tau piav qhia vim tias cov neeg yuav khoom muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua thiab cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem nkag siab txog lawv cov kev txwv.
FACTUAL BASIS
[1] Apogee Instruments. Aquarium PAR / Quantum Meters: PAR ntau, PPFD units, thiab ntsuas dej hauv qab dej hiav txwv. https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/aquarium-par-meters/
[5] International Commission on Illumination. Photometry-CIE system ntawm lub cev photometry. https://www.cie.co.at/publications/photometry-cie-system-physical{10}}photometry-2
[6] Apogee Instruments. Underwater qhov tseeb ntawm quantum sensors. https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/content/Accuracy-ntawm-Apogee-Quantum-Sensors-Underwater.pdf
[7] Apogee Instruments. MQ-210X underwater quantum meter: immersion-effect and spectral-cov lus teb. https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/mq-210x{11}}quantum-meter-with-underwater-sensor/
[8] US Department of Energy. Khoom-Lub Xeev Teeb pom kev zoo R&D Lub Sijhawm: lumens yog qhov hnyav los ntawm tib neeg qhov muag pom. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/01/f70/ssl-rd{12}}opportunities2-jan2020.pdf
