Tsis muaj
Cov dej zoo feem ntau yog qhov tsis yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv lub thoob dej yug ntses. Kab lus no qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm dej-chemistry los pab koj nkag siab txog cov dej hauv dej. Cov kev paub yooj yim muaj nyob hauv qab no, thiab cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntxiv yuav ua raws li.
Dej kub
Dej kub yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv dej. - Qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws rau cov nroj tsuag hauv dej: 21-23 ° C - Qhov kub zoo rau cov ntses hauv hav zoov: 23-26 ° C. Cov dej sov sov txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob ntses, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob dawb. - Pom zoo kub rau cog hauv zej zog thoob dej yug ntses (nroog + ntses): 23-25 degree, ntsuas qhov xav tau ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg thiab zaub.
Dej ntws
Kev khiav dej num yog tsim los ntawm koj lub lim. Flow siv yuav tsum phim koj cov nroj tsuag xaiv. Tshaj-muaj zog tam sim no yuav snaps stems; Cov dej tsis txaus ua rau qhov chaw tuag tsis txaus, ua rau muaj kab mob algae thiab dej huab. Cov lim dej tsis zoo tsis tuaj yeem ua dej txaus thiab txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm algae. Xaiv lub lim dej kom zoo nrog tus nqi hloov pauv ntawm 2-5 npaug ntawm koj lub tank tag nrho cov dej ntim ib teev, kho raws li cov khoom pov tseg ntses. Filtered water-flow pab ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb:
Lim
- Tshem tawm cov khoom tshem tawm, cov khib nyiab thiab cov algae spores. - Nitrifying cov kab mob nyob hauv lim-media hloov cov tshuaj lom ammonia thiab nitrite mus rau hauv qhov tsis muaj teeb meem nitrate, tshem tawm cov algae thiab tuav cov dej ntshiab, ruaj khov.
Kev thauj khoom noj khoom haus
Circulation faib cov as-ham thiab cua sov sib npaug thoob plaws thoob dej yug ntses, tshem tawm cov chaw nyob ruaj khov.
pH-Value (Acidity & Alkalinity)
Cov pH-scale yog li ntawm 1 txog 14, los ntawm cov kua qaub muaj zog rau alkali. -pH< 7.0 = Acidic ‑ pH = 7.0 = Neutral ‑ pH >7.0 = Alkaline
Cov nroj tsuag hauv dej feem ntau vam meej nyob rau hauv me ntsis-acidic tej yam kev mob ntawm pH 6.4-6.8. Aquarium pH yog tswj hwm los ntawm carbonate hardness (KH) thiab yaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide. pH yuav nce thaum CO₂ khiav qis. KH qis heev txwv CO₂ soluble thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau pH-droj txawm tias tsawg kawg nkaus carbon-dioxide.
qeeb, maj mam hloov pH yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum qhia cov nroj tsuag tshiab. Kev hloov ceev ceev yuam cov nroj tsuag mus rau hauv dormancy, txwv tsis pub noj cov zaub mov thiab ua rau loj algae blooms. Ntses tseem rhiab heev rau pH hloov pauv ntau dua li qhov kub thiab txias. Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm 0.1 pH-unit sib npaug ntawm kaum-fold hloov hauv dej ib puag ncig rau koj cov ntses.
Dej Hardness
Hardness muab faib ua ob pawg: -Carbonate Hardness (KH / ib ntus hardness): Ntsuas yaj calcium-carbonate thiab magnesium. Cov nroj tsuag siv cov carbonates, yog li KH yuav tsum tau rov ua dua ib ntus. -General Hardness (GH / tag nrho hardness): Ntsuas tag nrho cov ntxhia hauv dej.
Feem ntau cov dej-nroj tsuag loj hlob zoo dua hauv qhov chaw mos-dej. Calcium ntau dhau cuam tshuam kev nqus cov as-ham. Ua tib zoo xaiv cov pob zeb nyuaj-scaping rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam, vim ntau hom pob zeb nce GH thiab pH-theem.
Hluav taws xob conductivity (EC)
EC nyeem ncaj qha cuam tshuam txog cov dej ntxhia hauv cov dej. Siab hardness yields dua conductivity. - Hardness × 60 = EC tus nqi - EC ÷ 60 = Hardness
Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)
ORP qhia tag nrho cov dej-zoo stability. - Dej feem ntau ruaj khov thaum ORP nyob saum 220 mV. - Kev nyeem ntawv qis dua 220 mV teeb liab tsis zoo, cov dej tsis ruaj khov ua rau muaj teeb meem rau ntses thiab nroj tsuag. - Ntses, tam sim ntawd spikes saum 220 mV tsis lav dej noj qab haus huv. Cov dej zoo qhia tau hais tias qeeb, khov kho, maj mam nce los ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov ntawm 220 mV.
Cov dej uas muaj kev phom sij
Peb cov tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau thoob dej yug ntses: ammonia, nitrite thiab nitrate.
Ammonia (NH₄⁺)
Ua los ntawm cov ntses pov tseg thiab tsis noj, decomposing cov zaub mov seem. Ammonia yog tshuaj lom heev rau ntses. Aerobic filter-bacteria rhuav ammonia rau hauv nitrite, ces nitrate. Cov thoob dej yug ntses tshiab feem ntau qhia cov qib ammonia siab hauv thawj 1-2 lub lis piam, ua ntej cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj. Ammonia ua raws li qhov taw qhia los txiav txim seb koj lub lim dej puas tau mus ncig. Tsis txhob ntxiv ntses lossis cw thaum kuaj pom ammonia. Persistently-high ammonia tom qab ib hlis txhais tau hais tias koj qhov system pom yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas sai.
Nitrite (NO ₂⁻)
Tsim thaum thawj theem ntawm ammonia tawg, nitrite kuj yog tshuaj lom. Tsawg nitrite ua rau cw; high concentrations ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm oxygen deprivation nyob rau hauv cov ntses. Ua ib feem ntawm cov dej hloov pauv kom txo nitrite. Ib lub tshuab lim dej uas siv tag nrho yuav hloov nitrite rau hauv nitrate tsis muaj teeb meem.
Nitrate (NO ₃⁻)
Cov khoom kawg ntawm lub voj voog nitrogen. Nitrate ua haujlwm raws li cov nroj tsuag chiv thiab tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag dej. Nitrate ntau dhau ua rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob thiab ua rau muaj kab mob algae. Ib nrab dej-hloov qis nitrate concentrations. Ib txwm sim rau ammonia thiab nitrite ua ntej ntsuas nitrate, raws li lawv qhov kev kuaj pom tau pom nitrate.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv
Tswj cov khoom ntom ntom kom txo cov khoom pov tseg. Raws li cov lus qhia yooj yim rau tetra-style me ntses: 1 liter dej ib ntses. Cov neeg nyob tsawg dua ib txwm txhim kho cov dej kom zoo mus ntev.
Pub conservatively: Muab cov khoom noj uas tau noj tag nrho hauv 5 feeb, tawm hauv cov zaub mov tsis zoo rau ntawm lub substrate.
Khaws koj lub tshuab lim dej kom zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khib nyiab khib nyiab-decomposition colony.
