Kev sib raug zoo-Ntawm-EM-Microorganisms-thiab-Aquarium-Water-Quality

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm EM Microorganisms thiab Aquarium Water Quality

Cov organic tshuaj tshiab los ntawm lub neej niaj hnub lwj sai sai thiab muab cov ntxhiab tsw phem thaum raug qhib cua. Lawv qhov xwm txheej yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj teeb meem microorganisms hauv cov xwm txheej.

Lub luag haujlwm dab tsi ua rau cov microbes ua si hauv cov thoob dej yug ntses, thiab lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam dab tsi? Kab lus no muab cov lus qhia ntxaws.

EM yog dab tsi?

EM sawv rauSiv tau cov kab mob microorganisms. Nws hais txog cov zej zog uas muaj txiaj ntsig, ua haujlwm microbes. Cov kab mob yog cov kab mob me me uas pom tsis tau ntawm qhov muag liab qab, suav nrog eukaryotic algae, protozoans, fungi, nrog rau cov kab mob prokaryotic thiab cyanobacteria.

Cov kab mob uas pom dav dav hauv qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua zaub mov, ua compost-ua thiab dej huv. EM kab lis kev cai yog tsim los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev nyab xeeb, muaj txiaj ntsig kab mob los ntawm cov tsiaj qus thiab muab faib ua ntau yam.

Cov pab pawg microbial uas siv hauv dej muaj xws li cov kab mob poov xab, kab mob lactic-acid, cov kab mob photosynthetic, cov kab mob nitrogen-fixing, actinomycetes, cov kab mob filamentous, bacillus subtilis thiab aspergillus. Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws ntses yog rhuav tshem cov organic pov tseg thiab tshem tawm cov pa phem.

Organic pov tseg decomposes los ntawm ob txoj kev sib txawv:aerobic oxidation (ib puag ncig muaj pa oxygen)nqa tawm los ntawm aerobic microbes, thiabanaerobic fermentation (ib puag ncig tsis muaj oxygen)tswj los ntawm anaerobic microbes. Cov ntxhiab tsw phem thaum lub sij hawm decomposition yog tsim thaum cov kab mob anaerobic tsim ammonia, hydrogen sulphide thiab lwm yam khoom tsw ntxhiab.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm EM hauv Aquariums

Cov lus paub zoo "nitrifying bacteria" piav qhia tsuas yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm nqaim microbial: nitrification, oxidation ntawm ammonia rau nitrite thiab tom qab ntawd nitrate. Qhov no overlooks ntau lwm pab pawg muaj txiaj ntsig microbial.

EM microbes rov tsim dua thaum tsim cov tshuaj antioxidant. Lawv decompose cov organic pov tseg yam tsis tso cov ntxhiab tsw phem, rhuav tshem cov pa phem rau hauv cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj teeb meem. Lawv cov teebmeem yog tawm tsam cov kab mob putrefactive microbes.

Feem ntau cov kab mob lom hauv thoob dej yug ntses xws li ammonia, nitrite thiab hydrogen sulphide, tsim los ntawm cov zaub mov seem, cov nplooj ntoo lwj thiab cov tsiaj pov tseg, tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov kab mob lom yooj yim. Cov txiaj ntsig EM microbes rhuav tshem cov co toxins thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg nitrate. Vim li no, EM-cov khoom lag luam feem ntau tau piav qhia tias yog cov thoob dej yug ntses ntuj.

Dej-zoo deterioration feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev pub mis ntau dhau, tsis noj rotting pub thiab cov ntses pov tseg. Cov no ua rau tawg tawg ntawm cov kab mob plankton thiab cov kab mob pathogenic. Cov kab mob anaerobic tom qab ntawd nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm ammonia, nitrite thiab hydrogen sulphide, uas ua rau cov ntses thiab cw noj qab haus huv. Kev kho tshuaj tsis raug pom zoo thaum dej tsis zoo, vim tias cov tshuaj yuav ua rau lub thoob dej yug ntses lub ecosystem zoo nkauj microbial.

Aquarium-decomposer microbes poob rau hauv ob pawg loj: -Aerobic microbes: Xav tau oxygen. Nitrifying kab mob nyob rau hauv pawg no, oxidising tshuaj lom ammonia thiab nitrite rau hauv tsis muaj nitrate. -Anaerobic microbes: Ua haujlwm tsis muaj oxygen. Denitrifying kab mob poob rau hauv pawg no, hloov nitrate rau hauv cov pa nitrogen uas khiav mus rau hauv qhov chaw.

Aerobic thiab anaerobic microbes sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv lim xov xwm, ua hauj lwm ua ke los tswj lub sij hawm ntev ecological tshuav nyiaj li cas.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Common Aquarium-Siv Micro-organisms

Cov kab mob poov xab

Accelerate lub dissolution ntawm cov organic teeb meem.

Hloov cov piam thaj mus rau hauv pyruvate thaum thawj cov metabolism. Pyruvate ua cov khoom noj rau cov kab mob aerobic acetic-acid thiab cov kab mob anaerobic butyric-acid.

Tsim cov tshuaj hormones, vitamins, nucleic acids thiab lwm yam bio-active tshuaj nyob rau hauv theem nrab metabolism, muab cov as-ham los txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv dej.

Cov kab mob Lactic-Acid

Txhim khu kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob photosynthetic thiab decompose semi-rotting organic pov tseg.

Tshem tawm cov teeb meem fusarium pathogens.

Tshem tawm cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab hauv dej thoob dej yug ntses.

Txhawb nqa fermentative tawg ntawm cov organic pov tseg.

Cov kab mob Photosynthetic

Ib pawg ntawm cov kab mob anaerobic uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv lub teeb pom kev lossis cov pa oxygen tsawg. Cov kab mob thoob dej yug ntses feem ntau siv yog cov kab mob liab sulfur photosynthetic, cov kab mob liab uas tsis yog sulfur photosynthetic thiab cov kab mob ntsuab sulfur photosynthetic. Concentrated kua photosynthetic-bacteria daws ib txwm muaj ib tug muaj zog stagnant-dej tsw. Kev noj ntau npaum li ib tee (1-23 cc) raug pom zoo rau txhua 100 liters dej thoob dej yug ntses. Cov khoom lag luam hauv lub raj mis feem ntau yog coj mus rau theem tsis muaj menyuam, tom qab ntawd diluted rau kev muag khoom.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb:

Txhawb nqa dej-nroj tsuag photosynthesis thiab nce kev sib txuas ntawm vitamin C thiab vitamin E.

Stabilize pH-tus nqi thiab yaj-oxygen qib los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom noj hauv zej zog.

Decompose pov tseg tshuaj lom uas tso tawm los ntawm ntses excrement, cov tsiaj nyeg tuag, cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov nplooj rotting, txo cov ammonia, nitrite, sulfuric acid thiab organic-acid concentrations. Cov kab mob Photosynthetic siv nitrite thiab nitrate, tso cov pa nitrogen rau hauv qhov chaw.

Ua txhaum hydrogen sulfide thiab tiv thaiv cov hauv paus cag rot hauv dej.

Tiv thaiv kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic hauv substrate xuab zeb (sib koom ua haujlwm nrog actinomycetes).

Txhim kho dej kom pom tseeb, txhawb nqa ntses qab los, txhim kho ntses kev ua si thiab xim vibrancy, thiab ci ntsa iab hauv dej-cog pigmentation.

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria (Azotobacter)

Txhim kho atmospheric nitrogen rau hauv cov nroj tsuag muaj cov ntaub ntawv thiab tiv thaiv kev poob nitrogen.

Absorb nitrogen los ntawm huab cua thiab ua ke nrog fatty acids. Lawv ua pa tawm carbon-dioxide, tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws thiab qis-oxygen nyob-cov xwm txheej rau cov kab mob photosynthetic. Cov kab mob Photosynthetic tom qab ntawd siv cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntes lub hnub ci zog thiab tsim cov suab thaj, tsim cov pa oxygen raws li kev ua pa anaerobic los txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm nitrogen-fixing-bacteria.

Actinomycetes

Muab cov khoom pov tseg tsis zoo rau hauv cov khoom noj uas siv tau los ntawm cov kab mob photosynthetic. Lawv kuj tso cov tshuaj tua kab mob los tua cov kab mob putrefactive, ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab txo cov nplooj poob tawm.

Cov kab mob Filamentous

Inhibit pathogenic-bacterial kev loj hlob thiab ua kom cov organic teeb meem tawg.

Cov kab mob Bacillus

Secrete enzymes (xws li protease) uas rhuav tshem cov nucleic acids thiab lwm yam phospholipid-txuas txuas. Lawv decompose organic pov tseg, ammonia thiab nitrite.

Qee cov kab mob anaerobic bacillus nyob rau hauv cov pa oxygen-depleted qub-tank substrates tsim cov vitamin B12, uas pub cov nroj tsuag dej thiab cov microbes zoo.